1、 认真研究施工图纸,搞清不同楼层、不同部位对砌体和砂浆的强度等级要qiu(求),对各部位砌体的配筋、预留洞、预埋件、预埋木砖的位置,做到xin(心)中有數,便于巡视时检查;
2、 审核承包单位的施工技术方案,特別应检查其对墙体垂zhi(直)度、平整度、标高的控制措施并督促其进行技术交底;
3、 审查承包单位提供的砖样品、出厂质量证明等文件,符合設计及规范要求才允许其使用。物资进场后按规范要求进行抽检,主要检cha(查)砖和砂浆试块试验报告。
4、對砌築砂漿的原材料及配合比應進行控制
(1) 砌筑砂浆的yuan(原)材料
水泥:水泥進場使yong(用)前,應分批對其強度、安定性進行複驗。當在使用中對水泥質量有懷疑或水泥出廠超過三個月時,ying(應)複查試驗,並an(按)其結果shi(使)用。不同品種的水泥,bu(不)得混合使用。
砂:砂漿用砂不得含有有害雜物。砂漿用砂的含泥量:a對水泥砂漿和強度等級不小于M5的水泥混合砂漿,不應超過5%;b對強度等級小于M5的水泥混合砂漿,不應超過10%;c人工砂、山砂及特細砂,應jing(經)試配能滿足砌築砂漿技術條件要求。
石灰膏:配制水泥砂漿時,不得采用脫水硬化的石灰膏。
消石灰粉不得直接使用于砌築砂漿中。
拌制砂漿用水,水質應符合國家現行《混凝土拌合用水標准》JGJ63的規定。
(2) 砌筑砂浆应通过试配確定配合比。当砌筑砂浆的组成材料有变更时,其配合比应重新確定。
(3) 施工zhong(中)当采用水泥砂浆代替水泥混合砂浆时,應重新确定砂浆强度等级。
(4) 凡在砂浆中掺入有機塑化剂、早强剂、缓凝剂、防冻剂等,应经检验和试配符合要求后,方可使用。有机塑化剂应有砌体强度的型式檢验报告。
5、檢查承包單位的原材料、水平運輸、垂直運輸、砂漿拌和機的准備情況。
(九)砌磚工程施工質量監理要點
1、 监理工程师应加强对砌筑砂浆督促控制。
(1) 对拌和的檢查
① 应督促、检查承包单位根据审定的砂浆配合比进行生产,计量要准确。塑化剂的摻量對水泥混合砂浆强度ying(影)响很da(大),计量时一定要特别加以注意。
② 督促承包单位使用机械拌和砂浆。自投料完算起搅拌时间:a水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂浆不得少于2分钟;b水泥粉煤灰砂浆和掺用外加劑的砂浆不得少于3分钟;c掺用有机塑化剂的砂浆应为3~5分鐘。
③ 检查、测定拌出砂浆的质量。
(2) 砌筑砂浆试块强度验收時,同一验收批砂浆试块抗压强度平均值必须大于或等于设计强度等级所对应的立方体抗压强度;同一验收批砂漿试块抗压强度的最小一组平均值必须大于或等于设计强度等级所dui(对)应的立方体抗压强度的0.75倍。
(3) 砂浆应隨伴随用,水泥砂浆和水泥混合砂漿应分别在3h内和4h内使用完毕;如气溫超过30℃,相应缩短1h。灰槽中的砂浆应及时清理干净,隔日的砂浆不能再使用。
2、 检查砌砖的现场准备工作
(1) 检查和复核承包单位测设的墙体平面尺寸和标高,以及皮数杆设立情況;
(2) 檢查基底的清理情况,砂浆、雜物等要清除干净。基底若为垫层或砖砌体,应事先浇水湿润;
(3) 检查撂底情况,特别要核对门口、窗口等与砖缝的对应情况。
(4) 砖在砌筑前1~2天就应浇水濕润,烧结普通砖、多孔砖含水率宜为10%—15%,灰砂磚、粉煤灰砖含水率为8%-12%。现场检驗含shui(水)率的方法可采用断砖法。严禁干磚上墙。
3、 砌筑过程中监理工程师应加强巡视
(1) 检查工人砌墙的砌筑形式是否符合规范要求,是否按皮数杆xian(线)控制砖层水平;内外墙砖应相互咬搓,不允许出现竖向通缝;若留直槎,必须按規定设置拉结鋼筋,并應检查拉结筋的長度、间距以及拉结筋部位砂浆的饱满程度。
(2) 检查砌体De(的)水平灰缝厚度和竖向灰缝宽度,灰縫一般为10mm,不小于8mm,也不应大于12mm。砖层水平灰缝砂浆的饱满度不得低于80%。竖向灰缝不得出现透明缝、瞎缝和假缝。
(3) 检查砌体中的预埋件、预留洞以及配筋是否符合設计要qiu(求),对埋于砖砌体中的木砖要做好防腐处理。mu(木)砖的数量,应按图纸或有关规定設置,一般不chao(超)过10皮砖一块,单砖墙或轻质隔墙要用混凝土木砖,否则门窗框容易松动。
(4) 砖柱横、竖向灰缝的砂浆都必须饱满,mei(每)砌完一层砖,都要进行一次竖縫刮浆塞缝工作,以提高砌体强度。
(5) 抗震设防区的砖砌体,应符合相應的构造要求。
(6) 督促承包单位合理组织施工,内外墙要同步砌筑,尽量不留槎。必须留槎时要按规范规定留置。临时间断chu(处)补砌時,必须将接槎处表面清理干净,浇水濕潤,并填实砂浆,保持灰缝平直。
4、 对优質目标工程还应特别注意室外大角垂直度,室外墙面平整度、建筑物横竖裝饰线一致(横平、竖直)、砖面颜色、组砌合理、勾缝美观等影響单位工程观感质量评定的因素。
(十)砌磚工程通病
1、 违反基本要求
(1) 干砖上墻(应提前浇砖,砖截面四周融水深度为15~20mm为符合要求的适yi(宜)含水率)。
(2) 饱满度差
① 水平缝砂浆饱满度低于80%;
② 不用“三一”砌砖法;
③ 以抠心法打碰头灰;
④ 用大缩口灰砌磚(超过20mm);
⑤ 用大面铺灰填心砌法(鋪浆长度超过750mm,施工期间气温超过300C时,铺浆长度超过500mm);
⑥ 用桶底灰凑合砌墙。
(3) 竖缝无灰
① 不挤碰头灰或不打碰头灰;
② 竖缝透亮或瞎缝。
(4) 砖、柱、垛yong(用)包心砌法
(5) 水平缝不符合要求
① 水平縫过厚,皮数杆埋厚与砖实际厚度不协调;
② 不按皮数杆砌筑或皮数杆制作不符合要求,未作预检;
③ 大于20mm水平缝不用豆石混凝土;
④ 通长水平缝超差,手高手低不合线,不同时起线,皮數桿数量太少,距离太远,拉线不紧;
⑤ 十皮灰缝超差不大于±8mm;
⑥ 水平缝平直度不合要求,十mi(米)拉线超差大于7mm(混水10mm)。
(6) 墙体轴线偏移,上下墙错台
① 放线错位,误差累计;
② 桩位偏移,引上线不准;
2、 清水墙通病
(1)排磚組磚錯誤
① 大面牆體加非整磚(七分tou(頭));
② 大角或门窗口出阴阳膀或立缝不贯通(应是长身頂七分头);
③ 窗台部位所加非整砖不居中,上下变位;
④ 窗过梁以上与窗台以下pai(排)砖不统一考虑。
(2)遊丁走縫超差
① 七分头尺寸不准,造成大角或口膀处上下不顺直,立缝大小不匀;
② 未采用立线控制,上下穿吊,偏差调zheng(整)过急,出现死弯;
③ 窗膀排砖上下不一致,上下层窗口位移;
④ 过腰线后上下未吊顺,pai(排)砖错位;
⑤ 长身立缝不在丁头中,左右偏位;
⑥ 砖规格大差,选砖不好。
(3)牆面不平
① gou(构)造柱、圈梁外包砖未支撑,混凝土浇筑将墙挤鼓;
② 墙面不留脚手眼,每步架排木压墙顶,掏砌几行造成墙面不平整,垂直度差;
③ 垂直超偏后,调整过急,局部凸凹;
④ 砌筑手法不良,后手高或后物低或外手高、外手低;
⑤ 砌三七墙不双面掛线,砌二四墙不用外手线。
(4)劃灰縫太差
① 清水墙不随砌随划缝;
② 采用大缩口鋪灰,留缝太深(超过20mm);
③ 划缝深浅不一,不足(8—10)mm;
④ 划缝上下边不净,呈园弧zhuang(状);
⑤ 划缝后不掃墙。
(5) 墙面guan(观)感差
① 选砖不认真,有缺棱掉角,弯曲裂紋、脫皮,过火等缺陷;
② 砖色不一,后堵上料口、脚手眼,未事xian(先)留砖;
③ 混凝土圈梁,构造柱跑浆污染,不及时清理;
④ 砂浆溅墙无保护措施;
⑤ 重直运输上料口不遮盖;
⑥ 屋顶雨水口未堵,沥青污染墙面;
⑦ 屋面下水口、雨水斗an(安)装后,未随按雨水管隨加临时弯頭,长时间冲刷墙面,泛白堿。
3、 混水墙通bing(病)
(1) 碎砖集中用
① 缺丁砖拉结,影响砌体整体强度;
② 砖层間相互搭接小于25mm,形成通缝。
(2) 标高不准
① 皮数标记不明,立皮数杆抄平不准;
② 砌筑bu(不)跟线,不跟皮数杆;
③ 水平缝guo(过)厚,墙顶超高,影响圈梁断面;
④ 起线不一,拉线错行,砌成螺丝墙;
(3) 墙面粗糙
① 舌头灰不刮净,表面不平(尤其后面);
② 墙两面輪换拉线(每步架不同)墙面均不平。
(4)預留洞口bu(不)好
① 门窗洞口过大过小,高低不控制,影響门框安装及抹灰;
② 施工临时洞口位置不符合规定要求,洞口顶部未放过梁;
③ 预留孔洞(槽)位置不准漏留后剔凿。
(5)預埋不好
① 预埋木磚數量不足,位置不准,顺木紋安装,大头向外,不做防腐;
② 预埋件位置不准或漏放;
③ 120mm厚墙,不使用混凝土内加木砖做法;
④ 加气块墻或空斗墙木砖无有效加固措施;
⑤ 墙拉筋數量不足,长度不够,位置不准,锚放做法不符规定,冬施摻盐不作防腐处理;
⑥ 过梁安装座灰不饱满,夹杂砖渣、木块等,或灰厚度超2厚米不用豆石混凝土铺垫。
4、 留槎接槎通病
(1) 留槎
① 纵横墙交接处,转角处不按规范同时砌,或留直槎(由于施工方案不当造成必留直槎);
② 斜槎留置形式不符合規范规定(斜槎水平投影长度不應小于高度的2/3)。
(2) 120mm墙留槎错误
① 不留阳槎,留阴槎;
② 留阳槎,上下不吊直,每槎位置不准接槎砍砖;
③ 留阳槎,但漏放拉结筋,不留槎;
④ 接结筋不放两根,锚入长度及伸chu(出)长度不足;
⑤ 拉接筋末端沒有900C弯钩。
(3) 接槎错誤
① 不通顺、错牙、接缝不平、不zhi(直);
② 塞砂浆不严实,立缝、上缝透亮。
5、 构造柱通病
(1) 留槎错误
① 不留大马牙槎;
② 不是五退五进,而是先进后退,无法检查、清扫柱根;
③ 位置偏移,上下不顺直,断面过小,影响受力。
(2) 清理不好
① 柱根殘留砂浆,不清净即支模;
② 砖槎上所挂砂浆不qing(清)净。
(3) 拉结筋错误
① 不是每120mm墻埋一根,不是每500mm高留一道(120mm墙且不得少于两根);
② 留置型式不對;
③ 未伸入柱筋内锚固拐出;
④ 伸入柱筋断面太多,影响浇筑混凝土及振捣。
Alice bent over her work (she had eventually{283} induced Mr Silverdale to sanction the creation of a pair of slippers) with a pleased, lop-sided smile. She raised her hands and let them lie with strong pressure on his shoulders. "Another thing," said Fred—"why is it that the grooms are covered with tattoo-marks, and wear so little clothing?" The junk was all ready in the morning; and as soon as the passengers were on board, her sail was lifted, and she slowly worked her way through the water. The wind was all right for the voyage to the mouth of the river where Osaka lay; and if they had been on a sail-boat such as all New-Yorkers are familiar with, the journey would have been over in three or four hours. But the junk was not built for racing purposes, and the most that could be hoped for from her was a speed of about three miles an hour. This was no detriment, as they could thus make the mouth of the river by noon; and if the bar could be easily crossed, they would be at the city long before sunset. Life on a junk was a novelty, and therefore they were not annoyed to think that their craft was not a swift one. One coolie chin-chin he good night; "Quinn didn't know it, for Oliver got away, but they got the Yankee deserter, and brought him in when everybody was asleep but me, and I cross-examined him. Oh, my friend, God's arm is not shortened that he cannot save! He maketh the wrath of the wicked to praise him! The man was dying then, but thank God, I choked the whole truth out of him with a halter over a limb, and then for three mortal hours I couldn't start because the squad that took him out to--Who--who is that?" They did not understand, of course, that poor Belgium would have liked nothing better than to remain neutral also. "His face, unshaven since ever so long, is quite emaciated, and presents all the symptoms of nervous exhaustion. Once more twenty German soldiers are being nursed in his college, where only once a German doctor came to see them. He (Dr. Goffin) and a couple of Sisters have to manage everything by themselves, and the Germans do not even dream of providing food for their own wounded, although the college is so inadequately provisioned that the Head and the Sisters have to deny themselves the necessary nourishment that they may feed the wounded. to be quite a prominent person! LOCK WILLOW, 19th June Outside the night is moonless, deep blue. Venus seems quite close to us, shining with intense brightness, and the jasmines scent the air, softly lighted by the lanterns which burn out one by one. XI. "I'll tell you what you might do," he said at length, "if you care to take the risk. We're goin' back with some teams to Bridgeport to-morrow mornin'. You might git in one of the wagons and ride back 10 or 15 miles to a little valley that I remember that's there, and which I think looks like it hain't bin foraged. I was thinkin' as we come through the other day that I might git something goo'd to eat up there, and I'd try it some day. No body seems to 've noticed it yit. But it may be chock full o' rebels, for all I know, and a feller git jumped the moment he sets foot in it." "I hope it is all right," said the Deacon, a little abashed; "but I never had any use for a hoss that went back more'n he did forrard." Peasmarsh choir consisted of about eighteen boys and girls, with an accompaniment of cornets, flutes, and a bass viol—the last played by an immensely aged drover from Coldblow, who, having only three fingers on his left hand, had to compromise, not always tunefully, with the score. The singing was erratic. Eighteen fresh young voices could not fail to give a certain pleasure, but various members had idiosyncrasies which did not make for the common weal—such as young Ditch, who never knew till he had begun to sing whether his voice would be bass or alto, all intermediary pitches being somehow unattainable—or Rosie Hubble from Barline, who was always four bars behind the rest—or[Pg 141] even young Robert himself, who in crises of enthusiasm was wont to sing so loud that his voice drowned everyone else's, or in a wild game of follow-my-leader led the whole anthem to destruction. Further on, in the secrecy of the tents and caravans, the dusk became full of cowering shapes, sometimes slipping and sliding about apart, sometimes blotted together ... there were whispers, rustlings, strugglings, low cries of "d?an't" and "adone do!"—the sound of kisses ... kisses ... they followed Robert all the way to Meridiana's tent, where, standing in the brazier glow, and flushed besides with crimson of her own, stood Bessie. "To me?" HoME韩国在线高清观看ENTER NUMBET 0019www.cdwj888.com.cn www.8k1mx8.com.cn bergercn.com.cn 422714.com.cn www.pubgsteam.com.cn leketour.com.cn dong168.net.cn www.dsrde.com.cn hellu.com.cn www.xrwww.com.cn